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A biopsychosocial formulation for chronic pain — mapping biological, psychological, and social maintaining factors.
Track pain levels alongside activity, mood, and coping strategies to identify patterns.
Identify and break the boom-bust pattern — doing too much on good days and crashing on bad days.
Plan a gradual, time-based increase in activity from a sustainable baseline — not guided by pain, but by a pre-set schedule.
Create a plan for managing pain flare-ups — covering prevention, early action, and what to do at each level of severity.
Identify and challenge catastrophic thoughts about pain — helplessness, magnification, and rumination.
Explore the difference between struggling against pain and accepting its presence while engaging in valued activities — a key shift in chronic pain management.